COMPLAS 2025

Continuum Damage Model for Simulating Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steels

  • Stamou, Aristeidis-Georgios (University of Thessaly)
  • Karamanos, Spyros (University of Thessaly)

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Extensive research has been carried out over the years regarding hydrogen embrittlement (HE), and it has been shown that the mechanical properties of steels are degraded significantly in the presence of hydrogen. Reduced elongation to fracture, reduced fracture toughness and increased crack growth rate are typical effects of hydrogen in steels observed by the researchers [1]. Most of the studies on the subject conclude that HE is a complex phenomenon demonstrated by different mechanisms proposed in the literature, while a universal mechanism accounting for all the experimentally observed modes has not been defined yet. Finite element modelling for simulating hydrogen embrittlement in steels may be regarded as a cost-efficient method to assess the detrimental effects of HE. Those models require the co-simulation of hydrogen diffusion, material degradation and damage accumulation in the presence of hydrogen. Therefore, the different mechanisms proposed in literature and verified by experimental evidence should be considered in the constitutive relations describing the material model. Motivated by the fully-coupled hydrogen model of [2], the present study presents a continuum damage model of J2-flow theory with nonlinear/isotropic hardening extended to account for hydrogen effects. The finite element model is coupled with a hydrogen diffusion model driven by chemical potential gradients. The main feature of the present model is that the fracture energy of damage potential is dependent on hydrogen concentration based on the hydrogen enhanced decohesion (HEDE) mechanism observed experimentally. The material model is implemented in a finite element framework and its ability to simulate HE effects is assessed by simulating tensile and cyclic tests of notched specimens in the presence of hydrogen.